Snowmaking OK'd at Snowbowl resort
By Michael Kiefer, Arizona Republic,
AUGUST 8, 2008
A federal court of appeals on Friday
ruled that using reclaimed wastewater to make artificial
snow at a Flagstaff ski resort does not violate the religious
freedom of Native Americans.
The decision out of the court's Ninth
Circuit in San Francisco overturns an earlier appellate
decision to the contrary. The issue has see-sawed since
January 2006, when a federal judge in Prescott first
ruled that Arizona Snowbowl's plan to run a pipe up
the mountain from a water treatment plant in Flagstaff
was acceptable under federal environmental law.
A coalition of tribes and environmental
groups led by the Navajo Nation appealed the decision
on religious grounds, and it was overturned in March
2007 by a three-judge panel at the Ninth Circuit. Snowbowl's
owners asked that the case be reviewed en banc - by
the entire bench of appellate judges - which came back
with a 9-3 decision in favor of Snowbowl.
At issue was whether the possibility
of residual human waste in the reclaimed water — estimated
at .0001 percent — desecrated lands held sacred by several
tribes. The resort lies not on Indian reservation land
but on U.S. Forest Service land on the San Francisco
Peaks, which are held sacred by the Hopi, Navajo, Apache,
Havasupai and Hualapai peoples.
Friday's ruling sympathizes with the
tribes' religious beliefs but points out that there
is no likelihood of ecological damage from use of the
reclaimed water, nor would any tribal members be denied
access to worship. The spiritual effect, it opines,
is not substantially harmed to prohibit the resort's
plans.
“Were it otherwise,” it reads,
“any action the federal government were to take, including
action on its own land, would be subject to the personalized
oversight of millions of citizens. Each citizen would
hold an individual veto to prohibit the government action
solely because it offends his religious beliefs, sensibilities
or tastes, or fails to satisfy his religious desires.
Further, giving one religious sect a veto over the use
of public park land would deprive others of the right
to use what is, by definition, land that belongs to
everyone.”
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